Recrutamento Fonte e Retenção Participante em Intervenção Digital de Prevenção ao HIV para Jovens Negros e Latinos e Mulheres Transgêneros: Análise Secundária do Poder da Saúde 2.0 Ensaio Controlado Aleatório

O que aconteceu

Young Black and Latino men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men (YBLMT) experience disproportionate HIV-related health disparities in the United States. Digital health interventions offer scalable HIV prevention and support services for these populations. However, recruitment strategies may influence both sample demographics and participant retention, which is critical for intervention effectiveness. This study examined whether recruitment source was associated with retention in a mobile health randomized controlled trial and assessed demographic differences across recruitment platforms. Data were drawn from the HealthMpowerment (HMP) 2.0 randomized controlled trial (N=750; July 2020 to September 2022). Participants aged 15 to 29 years were recruited through 4 sources: social media advertisements (n=202), partner-seeking apps (n=394), prior study contacts (n=118), and other sources (eg, community outreach, peer referrals; n=36). Retention was defined as completing at least 3 of 4 follow-up surveys over 12 months, equivalent to completing at least 80% (n=4) of all 5 study measurement occasions, consistent with the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria for cohort study follow-up. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests assessed unadjusted retention differences across recruitment sources. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, HIV status, race, ethnicity, and gender identity estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the association between recruitment source and retention. A sensitivity analysis requiring completion of all 4 follow-up surveys was also conducted. A predictive logistic regression model incorporating Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to address class imbalance further explored demographic and recruitment predictors of retention.

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O que encontraram

Recruitment source was significantly associated with retention (χ²3=36.62; P<.001). Participants recruited via social media (184/202, 91.1%) and prior study contacts (103/118, 87.3%) had higher retention than those recruited via partner-seeking apps (288/394, 73.1%) and other sources (23/36, 63.9%). After adjusting for demographics, social media (aOR 2.80, 95% CI 1.51-5.18) and study contacts (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.14-3.92) remained significantly associated with higher retention compared to partner-seeking apps. HIV-positive status (aOR 0.64) and gender-diverse identity (aOR 0.38) were independently associated with lower retention. The sensitivity analysis yielded directionally consistent findings, with the social media advantage remaining significant. The SMOTE-adjusted model improved recall for low-retention participants from 6% (2/33) to 64% (21/33) but reduced overall accuracy from 77.3% (116/150) to 64.7% (97/150).

Trecho mantido em inglês: a tradução automática não passou na conferência de números.

Por que isso importa

A fonte de recrutamento esteve associada tanto às características dos participantes quanto à retenção em longo prazo nesta intervenção digital de prevenção do HIV. As mídias sociais e as redes de pesquisa anteriores apresentaram maior retenção, enquanto os aplicativos de busca de parceiros alcançaram populações com maior risco para o HIV, mas foram associados com menor retenção. Estratégias de retenção orientadas para as características da plataforma de recrutamento e dos participantes (incluindo o estado de HIV e a identidade de gênero) podem ajudar a otimizar o engajamento e a diversidade de amostras em futuras intervenções digitais de saúde dirigidas à YBLMT.