Intervenções dietéticas para sintomas da menopausa: revisão sistemática

Resumo original em inglês

O que aconteceu

Menopausal transition significantly affects females's health and quality of life, largely driven by declining estrogen. Although pharmacological therapies remain the first-line treatment, interest in dietary interventions as accessible, nonpharmacological strategies is growing.

This study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of dietary interventions on vasomotor, psychological, and cognitive symptoms in menopausal females.

This systematic review included 15 randomized controlled trials (n = 1952 participants) conducted according to Cochrane methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42024610754]. Databases searched included CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Eligible studies included females aged 40-65 y experiencing menopause-related symptoms (or reporting relevant outcomes) and evaluated whole food-based interventions, structured dietary patterns, or energy restriction, excluding supplement-only trials. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where appropriate.

O que encontraram

Twelve trials included postmenopausal females, 2 included peri- and postmenopausal females, 1 included all menopausal stages, and 1 did not specify status. Soy-based interventions may reduce hot flash frequency and severity [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.34, -0.23; I2 = 69%; n = 206, 4 trials (5 comparisons)], but not overall vasomotor symptoms (SMD = -0.43; 95% CI: -1.12, 0.26; I2 = 86%; n = 259, 3 trials) or psychological outcomes (SMD = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.470, 0.05; I2 = 0%; n = 236, 3 trials); overall certainty was very low. Other dietary patterns [e.g., Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), lactoovovegetarian, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay] suggested modest benefits for mood and cognition in narrative synthesis. Evidence for flaxseed is inconsistent, and evidence for intermittent fasting for cognition is limited.

Por que isso importa

Soy-based dietary interventions may modestly improve vasomotor and psychological symptoms; however, the certainty of evidence is very low. Dietary modification represents a feasible, low-risk approach, but larger, high-quality trials with standardized protocols and longer follow-up are required. This trial was registered at PROSPERO: The Impact of Dietary Interventions on Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review as CRD42024610754.

Resumo publicado sob licença CC BY. A tradução para o português ainda não chegou a este estudo.