A associação entre retinopatia diabética e comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Resumo original em inglês

O que aconteceu

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a recognized microvascular complication of diabetes in which neurovascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms may also contribute. This systematic review evaluated the association between DR and cognitive impairment or dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, using evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies.

We searched for relevant articles up to December 2025 from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers extracted data from the selected studies, including baseline information and outcomes. All quantitative syntheses were conducted using R version 4.4.1.

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YS462, identifier YS462.

O que encontraram

Fourteen studies with reported study populations totaling 2,871,847 participants were included. Seven studies contributed to the crude dichotomous synthesis, which did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between diabetic retinopathy and cognitive impairment or dementia (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94-1.23; p=0.310; I2=52.3%). Seven studies contributed adjusted longitudinal estimates for incident dementia; diabetic retinopathy was associated with a higher incidence of dementia (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.19-2.02; p=0.001; I2=97.8%; 95% prediction interval 0.65-3.68). Evidence concerning Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia remained inconsistent.

Por que isso importa

Longitudinal evidence suggests that diabetic retinopathy is associated with a higher incidence of dementia, although substantial heterogeneity and the observational evidence base limit confidence in the pooled estimate. Evidence concerning Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia remains inconclusive.

Resumo publicado sob licença CC BY. A tradução para o português ainda não chegou a este estudo.